Designing for Machine Longevity - A Literature Survey
Complex machines are increasingly expensive to develop and build, which causes many to be maintained in service for longer than initially designed, as they still effectively perform valuable tasks. Longlasting, effective service lives of centuries rather than decades are a valuable characteristic for certain machines in several industries, whether for continual service, extended storage, or extremely remote deployment, such as in military service, agriculture and space exploration. Although there are various archival publications that focus on longevity, we seek to identify product architecture decisions which impact a machine’s longevity and can then be extrapolated out for timescales greater than 100 years. We refer to this as hyper-longevity. This paper seeks to find patterns in the literature that can identify causes linked to longevity effects, their frequency in the literature, and the types of impacts they have in facilitating longevity.
Cite this paper
APA
Rice, S. E., Sannar, B. C., Mattson, C. A., & Anderson, M. L. (2025). Designing for Machine Longevity - A Literature Survey. Proceedings of the Design Society, 5, 1335. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10147
MLA
Rice, Scott E., et al. "Designing for Machine Longevity - A Literature Survey." Proceedings of the Design Society, vol. 5, 2025, p. 1335, https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10147.
Chicago (Author-Date)
Rice, Scott E., Benjamin C. Sannar, Christopher A. Mattson, and Michael L. Anderson. 2025. "Designing for Machine Longevity - A Literature Survey." Proceedings of the Design Society 5: 1335. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10147.
IEEE
S. E. Rice, B. C. Sannar, C. A. Mattson, and M. L. Anderson, "Designing for Machine Longevity - A Literature Survey," Proceedings of the Design Society, vol. 5, pp. 1335, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.1017/pds.2025.10147.
BibTeX
@article{rice2025designing,
author = {Rice, Scott E. and Sannar, Benjamin C. and Mattson, Christopher A. and Anderson, Michael L.},
title = {Designing for Machine Longevity - A Literature Survey},
journal = {Proceedings of the Design Society},
volume = {5},
pages = {1335},
year = {2025},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
doi = {10.1017/pds.2025.10147}
}